Silikon

14
Si
Kumpulan
14
Kala
3
Blok
p
Proton
Elektron
Neutron
14
14
14
Ciri-Ciri Am
Nombor atom
14
Berat atom
28.0855
Nombor jisim
28
Kategori
Metaloid
Warna
Kelabu
Radioaktif
Tidak
From the Latin word silex, silicis, flint
Struktur hablur
Bungkusan Tetrahedral
Sejarah
In 1800, Sir Humphry Davy thought silica to be a compound and not an element; but in 1811, Gay Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon by heating potassium with silicon tetrafluoride.

In 1824 Jöns Jakob Berzelius prepared amorphous silicon by the same general method.

Henri Deville in 1854 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element.
Bilangan elektron per petala
2, 8, 4
Konfigurasi elektron
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Si
Silicon also has the unusual property that it expands as it freezes
Ciri-Ciri Fizikal
Fasa
Pepejal
Ketumpatan
2.3296 g/cm3
Takat lebur
1687.15 K | 1414 °C | 2577.2 °F
Takat didih
3538.15 K | 3265 °C | 5909 °F
Haba pelakuran
50.2 kJ/mol
Haba pengewapan
359 kJ/mol
Muatan haba molar
0.705 J/g·K
Banyak pada kerak bumi
27%
Banyak pada alam semesta
0.07%
Close
Kredit imej: Wikimedia Commons (Enricoros)
Close up photo of a piece of purified silicon
Nombor CAS
7440-21-3
Nombor PubChem CID
5461123
Ciri-Ciri Atom
Jejari atom
111 pm
Jejari kovalen
111 pm
Keelektronegatifan
1.9 (Skala Pauling)
Kebolehan mengion
8.1517 eV
Isipadu atom
12.1 cm3/mol
Daya pengaliran terma
1.48 W/cm·K
Keadaan pengoksidaan
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Aplikasi
In the form of sand and clay it is used to make concrete and brick; it is a useful refractory material for high-temperature work, and in the form of silicates it is used in making enamels, pottery, etc.

Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass.

Silicon chips are the basis of modern electronic and computing.

Silicon carbide, more commonly called carborundum is used in abrasives.
If breathed in as a fine silica/silicate dust, it may cause chronic respiratory problems
Isotop
Isotop stabil
28Si, 29Si, 30Si
Isotop tidak stabil
22Si, 23Si, 24Si, 25Si, 26Si, 27Si, 31Si, 32Si, 33Si, 34Si, 35Si, 36Si, 37Si, 38Si, 39Si, 40Si, 41Si, 42Si, 43Si, 44Si